Common congenital heart disorders in adults: percutaneous therapeutic procedures

The population of adults with unrepaired, palliated, and repaired congenital heart disease is growing. Surgical intervention, once the mainstay of palliative and corrective therapy, has been supplanted in many instances by less invasive trans-catheter techniques. Hybrid procedures involving the symbiotic use of surgical and trans-catheter techniques are increasingly utilized in patients with complex lesions. This article summarizes some of the currently applied trans-catheter interventional techniques for pulmonary stenosis, ASD, VSD, and coarctation of the aorta.